我们提出了一个框架，该框架会自动将不可缩放的GNN转换为基于预典型的GNN，该GNN对于大型图表有效且可扩展。我们框架的优势是两倍。1）它通过将局部特征聚合与其图形卷积中的重量学习分开，2）通过将其边缘分解为小型图形，将其有效地在GPU上进行了预先执行，将各种局部特征聚合与重量学习分开，将各种局部特征聚合从重量学习中分离出来，从而使各种不可估计的GNN转换为大规模图表。和平衡的集合。通过大规模图的广泛实验，我们证明了转化的GNN在训练时间内的运行速度比现有的GNN更快，同时实现了最先进的GNN的竞争精度。因此，我们的转型框架为可伸缩GNN的未来研究提供了简单有效的基础。

将差异化随机梯度下降（DPSGD）应用于培训现代大规模神经网络（例如基于变压器的模型）是一项艰巨的任务，因为在每个迭代尺度上添加了噪声的幅度，都具有模型维度，从而阻碍了学习能力显著地。我们提出了一个统一的框架，即$ \ textsf {lsg} $，该框架充分利用了神经网络的低级别和稀疏结构，以减少梯度更新的维度，从而减轻DPSGD的负面影响。首先使用一对低级矩阵近似梯度更新。然后，一种新颖的策略用于稀疏梯度，从而导致低维，较少的嘈杂更新，这些更新尚未保留神经网络的性能。关于自然语言处理和计算机视觉任务的经验评估表明，我们的方法的表现优于其他最先进的基线。

联合学习是一种分布式的机器学习方法，其中单个服务器和多个客户端在不共享客户端数据集的情况下协作构建机器学习模型。联合学习的一个具有挑战性的问题是数据异质性（即，数据分布在客户端可能有所不同）。为了应对这个问题，众多联合学习方法旨在为客户提供个性化的联合学习，并为客户建立优化的模型。尽管现有研究通过经验评估了自己的方法，但这些研究中的实验环境（例如比较方法，数据集和客户设置）彼此不同，目前尚不清楚哪种个性化的联邦学习方法可以实现最佳性能，以及取得多少进展，可以进行多大进展。通过使用这些方法而不是标准（即非个人化）联合学习来制作。在本文中，我们通过全面的实验基准了现有的个性化联合学习的性能，以评估每种方法的特征。我们的实验研究表明，（1）没有冠军方法，（2）大数据异质性通常会导致高准确的预测，并且（3）具有微调的标准联合学习方法（例如FedAvg）通常超过了个性化的联邦学习方法。我们为研究人员开放基准工具FedBench，以通过各种实验环境进行实验研究。

如今，为了改善服务和城市地区的宜居性，全世界正在进行多个智能城市计划。 SmartSantander是西班牙桑坦德市的一个智能城市项目，该项目依靠无线传感器网络技术在城市内部部署异质传感器，以测量多个参数，包括户外停车信息。在本文中，我们使用SmartSantander的300多个户外停车传感器的历史数据研究了停车场可用性的预测。我们设计了一个图形模型，以捕获停车场的定期波动和地理位置。为了开发和评估我们的模型，我们使用了桑坦德市的3年停车场可用性数据集。与现有的序列到序列模型相比，我们的模型具有很高的精度，该模型足够准确，可以在城市提供停车信息服务。我们将模型应用于智能手机应用程序，以被公民和游客广泛使用。

图神经网络（GNN）在节点分类任务上取得了巨大成功。尽管对开发和评估GNN具有广泛的兴趣，但它们已经通过有限的基准数据集进行了评估。结果，现有的GNN评估缺乏来自图的各种特征的细粒分析。在此激励的情况下，我们对合成图生成器进行了广泛的实验，该实验可以生成具有控制特征以进行细粒分析的图形。我们的实证研究阐明了带有节点类标签的真实图形标签的四个主要特征的GNN的优势和劣势，即1）类规模分布（平衡与失衡），2）等级之间的边缘连接比例（均质VS之间）异性词），3）属性值（偏见与随机），4）图形大小（小与大）。此外，为了促进对GNN的未来研究，我们公开发布了我们的代码库，该代码库允许用户用各种图表评估各种GNN。我们希望这项工作为未来的研究提供有趣的见解。

Deep image prior (DIP) has recently attracted attention owing to its unsupervised positron emission tomography (PET) image reconstruction, which does not require any prior training dataset. In this paper, we present the first attempt to implement an end-to-end DIP-based fully 3D PET image reconstruction method that incorporates a forward-projection model into a loss function. To implement a practical fully 3D PET image reconstruction, which could not be performed due to a graphics processing unit memory limitation, we modify the DIP optimization to block-iteration and sequentially learn an ordered sequence of block sinograms. Furthermore, the relative difference penalty (RDP) term was added to the loss function to enhance the quantitative PET image accuracy. We evaluated our proposed method using Monte Carlo simulation with [$^{18}$F]FDG PET data of a human brain and a preclinical study on monkey brain [$^{18}$F]FDG PET data. The proposed method was compared with the maximum-likelihood expectation maximization (EM), maximum-a-posterior EM with RDP, and hybrid DIP-based PET reconstruction methods. The simulation results showed that the proposed method improved the PET image quality by reducing statistical noise and preserved a contrast of brain structures and inserted tumor compared with other algorithms. In the preclinical experiment, finer structures and better contrast recovery were obtained by the proposed method. This indicated that the proposed method can produce high-quality images without a prior training dataset. Thus, the proposed method is a key enabling technology for the straightforward and practical implementation of end-to-end DIP-based fully 3D PET image reconstruction.

The black-box nature of end-to-end speech translation (E2E ST) systems makes it difficult to understand how source language inputs are being mapped to the target language. To solve this problem, we would like to simultaneously generate automatic speech recognition (ASR) and ST predictions such that each source language word is explicitly mapped to a target language word. A major challenge arises from the fact that translation is a non-monotonic sequence transduction task due to word ordering differences between languages -- this clashes with the monotonic nature of ASR. Therefore, we propose to generate ST tokens out-of-order while remembering how to re-order them later. We achieve this by predicting a sequence of tuples consisting of a source word, the corresponding target words, and post-editing operations dictating the correct insertion points for the target word. We examine two variants of such operation sequences which enable generation of monotonic transcriptions and non-monotonic translations from the same speech input simultaneously. We apply our approach to offline and real-time streaming models, demonstrating that we can provide explainable translations without sacrificing quality or latency. In fact, the delayed re-ordering ability of our approach improves performance during streaming. As an added benefit, our method performs ASR and ST simultaneously, making it faster than using two separate systems to perform these tasks.

Humans demonstrate a variety of interesting behavioral characteristics when performing tasks, such as selecting between seemingly equivalent optimal actions, performing recovery actions when deviating from the optimal trajectory, or moderating actions in response to sensed risks. However, imitation learning, which attempts to teach robots to perform these same tasks from observations of human demonstrations, often fails to capture such behavior. Specifically, commonly used learning algorithms embody inherent contradictions between the learning assumptions (e.g., single optimal action) and actual human behavior (e.g., multiple optimal actions), thereby limiting robot generalizability, applicability, and demonstration feasibility. To address this, this paper proposes designing imitation learning algorithms with a focus on utilizing human behavioral characteristics, thereby embodying principles for capturing and exploiting actual demonstrator behavioral characteristics. This paper presents the first imitation learning framework, Bayesian Disturbance Injection (BDI), that typifies human behavioral characteristics by incorporating model flexibility, robustification, and risk sensitivity. Bayesian inference is used to learn flexible non-parametric multi-action policies, while simultaneously robustifying policies by injecting risk-sensitive disturbances to induce human recovery action and ensuring demonstration feasibility. Our method is evaluated through risk-sensitive simulations and real-robot experiments (e.g., table-sweep task, shaft-reach task and shaft-insertion task) using the UR5e 6-DOF robotic arm, to demonstrate the improved characterisation of behavior. Results show significant improvement in task performance, through improved flexibility, robustness as well as demonstration feasibility.

扬声器在彼此保持一致的过程中建立了融洽的关系。在指导域材料的同时，已经证明了与教师的融洽关系，以促进学习。过去关于教育领域的词汇一致性的工作都在量化对齐方式的措施和与代理对齐的相互作用的类型中都遭受了限制。在本文中，我们采用基于数据驱动的共享表达式概念（可能由多个单词组成）的对齐措施，并比较一对一的人类机器人（H-R）相互作用的对齐方式与协作人类人类的H-R部分中的对齐方式-Orobot（H-H-R）相互作用。我们发现，H-R设置中的学生与H-H-R设置相比，与可教的机器人保持一致，并且词汇一致性和融洽关系之间的关系比以前的理论和经验工作所预测的要复杂。

联合学习（FL）是以分散的方式共同训练机器学习算法的范式。 FL中的大多数研究都集中在基于神经网络的方法上，但是，由于克服算法的迭代和添加性特征的挑战，在联合学习中基于XGBoost的方法（例如XGBOOST）在联合学习中没有得到反应。基于决策树的模型，尤其是XGBoost，可以处理非IID数据，这对于联合学习框架中使用的算法很重要，因为数据的基本特征是分散的，并且具有本质上非IID的风险。在本文中，我们专注于研究通过对各种基于样本量的数据偏斜方案进行实验以及这些模型在各种非IID方案下的性能，通过非IID分布的影响如何受到非IID分布的影响。我们在多个不同的数据集中进行了一组广泛的实验，并进行了不同的数据偏斜分区。我们的实验结果表明，尽管有各种分区比率，但模型的性能保持一致，并且与以集中式方式训练的模型接近或同样良好。